Modified Gravity and the Flux-weighted Gravity–Luminosity Relationship of Blue Supergiant Stars

We calculate models of stellar evolution for very massive stars and include the effects modified gravity to investigate influence on physical properties blue supergiant their use as extragalactic distance indicators. With shielding fifth force parameters in a similar range previous studies Cepheid tip red giant branch (TRGB) we find clear luminosity flux-weighted gravity. The relationship between flux weighted gravity, g_F = g/Teff^4, bolometric magnitude M_bol (FGLR), which has been used successfully accurate determinations, is systematically affected. While FGLRs show systematic offset from observed relation, can differential shifts with Newtonian estimate FGLR determinations. Modified leads increase 0.05 0.15 magnitudes modulus. These change are comparable ones found stars. compare TRGB distances nine galaxies constrain free Not accounting differences 5*10^-7 10^-6 1/3 1 be ruled out about 90% confidence. Allowing potential offsets no determination possible parameter 10^-6. For 5*10$^-7 92% but unlikely only 60%.